Little Nipper

An old phrase used to discribe a small child, but what exactly is a "nipper" and why do we call children this?

Well, back before child labor laws, small children were employed on large ships because they were small enough to fit down the hawse pipe that leads the chain out to the anchor. There was no way the crew on the ship could lift the anchor by hand, so they needed to use a capstand to provide the force needed. The issue is that the chain the ship used didn't fit on the capstand, so they used a rope for this purpose called a "nipper". Yes, a rope needed to be tied to the chain so that it could be hauled in with the capstand and that would take the weight off the chain so that the crew could haul the chain rode up onto the deck.  This was called "nipping" and you needed someone small enough to crawl down the hawse pipe to tie the nipping line to the chain.

Naturally, a small child would fit through the pipe the best, and since they were tying the nipping line, they were naturally called "little nippers".  

Next time you see a little one running around and call them a "little nipper", just imagine them climbing down the chain as close to the sea as possible to tie a nipping line to it! 

Marking Mooring Chain

As previously discussed, we prefer to use paint to mark our chain at designated lengths. For the anchor rode, this is a simple color band system that gets painted onto the chain to mark its length. 

The problem is, a mooring chain for a Bahamian Moor uses an anchor at either end and the boats rode hooked into the middle of it. So, we don't really need to know how many feet we are, but instead where the ends and middle lay. 

To identify this, I used red paint for the ends and middle. 

Now, we know that the red ends receive an anchor, while the red middle is where the shackle attaches the main rode to the system. These areas are well demarcated, but the mooring chain is also 200 feet long, so there seems to be a red section every 100 feet. When pulling this behemoth of a chain up, we won't be able to use a windlass, so we will find ourselves nipping the chain and hauling it up with a cockpit winch, one nip at a time. This is a rather slow process, as we can only pull up around 1 boat length each nip, so I added some green markers in the middle area. Sort of a morale booster for me when I'm working!

These big green marks are located about half way between the shackle and the anchor, so when we see them, we know we are getting close to the hook! That should help boost my morale as we continue to nip the chain onto the deck! 

Marking Chain

Anchoring with chain is simple enough, the weight of the chain provides a wonderful catenary curve which will ensure a proper and horizontal pull on the anchor, when anchoring with sufficient scope. But how do you know how much chain you have let out?

The solution is simple, all you need to do is mark the chain at designated points, that way when you see the mark you will know how much chain you have let out! 

Now comes the hard part, how do you mark the chain so that you can easily see it while not having it be in the way of the windlass gypsy? Some people sew tags onto the links, but these can get fouled on things if they are too long and they are easy to miss as the chain rushes out of the roller and into the water. Another option is to stick little rubber inserts into the links, but these are time consuming to install and tend to fall out of the chain with time and use. Another option is to paint a long section of the chain with spray paint, but this will wear off as the chain drags along the bottom. 

As you can see, there is no right way, and any method you use will result in the need of maintenance to keep it operational for you. 

I have gone the route of painting, as it is quick and easy to apply, and when it wears off, I simply spray it again. The paint I have sprayed on the bow anchor rode is currently three years old and still visible, but not as apparent as it was when new. 

You will find that the paint closest to the anchor will wear the first, but the paint further away will stay in better shape. The 20 foot paint is pretty much gone, the 40 foot paint is barely there, but the 60 foot mark and on is still vividly visible. 

If you choose to paint your chain, be sure to write down your color combination, otherwise you might forget the system if you don't anchor for a while. 

The system we use is simple: 

20 = Black
40 = Yellow
60 = Green
80 = Red
100 = White

So, 140 feet would be a White Bands and a Yellow Ban. 

Since 200 would be two white bands, I simply add a short green stripe to indicate the 200 foot mark. This makes it easy to distinguish when we cross the 180 and into the 200 foot mark. 

Preparations to go Cruising

If you are thinking of going cruising and want to begin preparing your yacht for the journey, the first and most important thing to do is to stop what you are doing and re-evaluate what you really need to bring with you.

First and foremost, you will need solid rigging and good sails. A sailboat sails, and your yacht needs to have this area covered with a sound setup. This means good upwind sails, good downwind sails, good heavy weather sails, and good light air sails.

The second thing you need is a solid steering system. Be it tiller or wheel, make sure that everything is up to snuff and familiarize yourself with your system to the point that you can maintain it and repair it yourself with the tools and materials you carry on board.

Lastly, you need clothes for your trip. The obvious clothes are things you like to wear on a daily basis that are comfortable. You also need some heavy weather clothes, such as a good set of foulies, and some cold weather clothes (because it does get cold in the tropics and you want to stay comfortable). 

Notice how in this list, there is nothing about food and provisions before you cast off. The reason is, when you are tied to shore, you will over-plan your provisions and bring way too much food along for the ride! This will weigh down your yacht and cause you to sail slower as you voyage.

You might think that all this food is necessary, but when you get going, you will find that you like to eat the local food instead of canned food. Yes, canned food keeps for years, but a grocery store is never further than a week away! 

Now, even if you plan to do an ocean crossing, don't buy your food before you leave, because you will overbuy. At the begging of your cruise, you will be coastal hopping as you get all the bugs out of the systems (a shakedown cruise) and this is when you will realize that you can get food everywhere you go.

When we lived aboard, we had 1 locker dedicated to canned food. When we decided to go cruising (which will involve a trans-atlantic) we decided to increase our canned food supply from 1 locker to 7 lockers! This added a ton of weight, literally, to our boat. Our designed waterline (DWL) is currently 4 inches underwater, letting us know that our heavy displacement boat is a "heavily loaded" heavy displacement boat. This has greatly reduced our performance to windward, which has made our voyage proceed a lot slower.

Now, if you are planning to head out and go far, fast, and therefore you will need all your canned foods before you go, give yourself a month of cruising coastally before you actually shoot far away. This will let you figure out how much food you really need to carry on board before you make the leap. 

You might also find that your plans change and you won't end up going across an ocean when you thought you would, meaning that all that added weight is not that necessary! We left in July 2017 with plans to cross the Atlantic during August or September. Due to a very active hurricane season, followed by a series of powerful gales, we ended up heading South towards the Bahamas to let the winter pass and plan to cross in May 2018. Now, 6 months after we left from Baltimore, Maryland, planning on being in the Azores by November 2017, we are sitting in Cape Fear, North Carolina (three states away) in January 2018. 

We have been cruising for 6 months and still have almost all our canned food that is weighing our boat down considerably, all because we bought the food before we untied the lines. In hindsight, we would have been better off to just head out. As we made our way down the Chesapeake Bay, we would have realized that the weather was not conducive to a winter ocean crossing of the North Atlantic, and would have put off buying all those canned foods. Then when we were getting near our departure date, we could have stocked up on the foods that we did need for the actual ocean crossing.

Now we know, and we won't buy a ton of food beforehand. We will go eating this canned food for the next several years and not go replenishing it as we go, to lighten the load and hopefully raise up our waterline once again!

Mooring Link vs. Windlass Link

As if selecting a chain to anchor your boat with wasn't complicated enough, there is one other variable that needs to be sorted out: Link length!  

Both of these chains are 3/8 links. The chain on the left is 3/8 BBB while the chain on the right is 3/8 Mooring Link. BBB is calibrated to fit and run in a windlass gypsy, while Mooring LInk, sometimes abbreviated as MC for Mooring Chain, is not calibrated to run in a windlass.

What happens is, the regular links of BBB and other standard anchor chains are too close together to fit a shackle through the link in any place other than at the ends. This means that it is impossible to tie in another chain to a different anchor part way through the line. To help with moorings, MC chain has longer gaps in the link, allowing a shackle to fit in any point on the chain. This makes it especially easy to set up a Bahamian Mooring, where you have an anchor at either end of the chain, and hook your boats rode into the middle of the chain setup.  

When you purchase chain, make sure it will run smoothly through your windlass if you need it to do that. And be careful because both of these chains are listed as 3/8", it all comes down to the link style.